UNDERSTANDING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHALLENGES OF WOMEN DOMESTIC WORKERS IN KARACHI

Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic challenges faced by women employed as domestic help in Karachi, shedding light on a workforce that remains largely invisible yet indispensable to urban households. Despite their critical contributions to the functioning of urban families, these women often navigate a web of systemic inequalities and vulnerabilities. The research delves into key issues, including economic insecurity stemming from low and inconsistent wages, the absence of legal and social protections due to their classification in the informal labor sector, and the precarious working conditions marked by long hours and physical strain. Social stigma further compounds their plight, as domestic work is often undervalued and viewed as "low status" employment. The study also explores the disproportionate impact of crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, which exacerbated economic hardships and job insecurity for domestic workers. By highlighting these challenges, the research underscores the urgent need for policy interventions, such as formalizing domestic work through labor laws, ensuring social security measures, and promoting societal change to combat discrimination. Ultimately, the study aims to provide actionable recommendations to improve the livelihoods and dignity of women domestic workers in Karachi, contributing to broader discussions on labor rights and gender equality in Pakistan.