Conflict Of Interest (for Authors)

Authors must disclose and specify any competing interest during the submission process, via declarations in the manuscript submission system. The corresponding author is responsible for providing a declaration on behalf of all authors.

Priority-The International Business Review (PTIBR) requires disclosure by all authors of any financial interests or connections, direct or indirect, or other situations which may raise the question of bias in the work reported or the conclusions, implications, or opinions stated. When considering whether you should declare a competing interest or connection, please consider the competing interest test: Is there any arrangement that would embarrass you or any of your co-authors if it was to emerge after publication and you had not declared it?