WORK-LIFE BALANCE FOR WORKING MOTHERS HOW DUAL RESPONSIBILITIES AFFECT PRODUCTIVITY AND WELL-BEING

Abstract

The increasing participation of women in the workforce has brought significant economic and social benefits, contributing to national development and gender equality. However, working mothers continue to face substantial challenges in balancing professional responsibilities and family obligations, which often leads to stress, burnout, and reduced productivity. This study explores the multifaceted impact of dual responsibilities on the productivity and overall well-being of working mothers in Karachi, Pakistan. By examining work-life balance (WLB) issues specific to this urban context, the research identifies key stressors such as societal expectations, workplace discrimination, and inadequate childcare support. It also highlights coping mechanisms employed by working mothers, including time management strategies, familial support, and flexible work arrangements. Additionally, the study evaluates the role of employer support systems, such as maternity leave policies, childcare facilities, and mental health resources, in mitigating these challenges. The findings aim to provide actionable insights for policymakers, employers, and civil society to design effective workplace policies and societal interventions that can enhance the work-life balance of mothers in urban Pakistan, ultimately fostering a more inclusive and equitable workforce.